Disease
Human papillomavirus (HPV) is a family of viruses that are very common all over the world. Although most HPV infections cause no symptoms and are selflimited, persistent genital HPV infection can cause cervical cancer in women (as well as other types of anogenital cancers, head and neck cancers, and genital warts in both men and women).
Occurrence
HPV is common worldwide and estimated to cause more than half a million new cancers and 274 000 deaths every year (2002 estimate), most of which affect women in developing countries.
Risk for travellers
Travel itself does not increase the risk of exposure. Transmission of HPV occurs most commonly through sexual activity; condoms may not offer complete protection. Since 2006, two HPV vaccines have been licensed; one vaccine targeting four and the other two HPV genotypes. Both vaccines are designed to protect against about 70% of cervical cancer cases worldwide (the 4-valent vaccine also protects against genital warts). The vaccines are intended for use primarily in girls and young women. Over the next few years, HPV vaccination will be introduced into the immunization schedules of several countries. Travellers are advised to check with the relevant health authorities regarding national recommendations and the availability of HPV vaccination in their country.